5. Ibid., p.57.
6. Ibid., p.112.
7. 转引自Albert Hourani, “The Fertile Crescent in the Eighteenth Century,” A Vision of History (Beirut: Khayats, 1961), p.42。
8. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1994), p.6.
9. 关于黎巴一山的谢哈卜家族，参见Kamal Salibi, The Modern History of Lebanon (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1965)。关于嵌苏尔的加利利家族，参见Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540—1830 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997)。
10. Roger Owen, The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800—1914 (London: Methuen, 1981), p.7.
11. Budayri, Hawadith Dimashq, pp.27-29.
12. Ibid., pp.42-45.
13. Amnon Cohen, Palestine in the Eighteenth Century (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1973), p.15.
14. Thomas Philipp, Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730—1831 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), p.36.
15. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1, p.636. 关于伟大的阿里贝伊，参见Daniel Crecelius, The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Study of the Regimes of ʻÀli Bey al-Kabir and Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab, 1760—1775 (Minneapolis and Chicago: University of Minnesota Press, 1981)。
16. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1, p.639.
17. Ibid., p.638.
18. Ibid., p.639.
19. 这段叙述来自黎巴一山的埃米尔哈伊达尔·艾哈迈德·谢哈卜（1761—1835）的编年史《当世英华录》（Al-Ghurar al-Hisan fi akhbar abna' al-zaman）。谢哈卜的编年史由Asad Rustum 和Fuad al-Bustani校订出版，题为《谢哈卜埃米尔时代的黎巴一》（Lubnan fi ʻahd al-umara' al-Shihabiyin）， vol. 1 (Beirut: Editions St. Paul, 1984), p.79。
20. Shihab, Lubnan fi ʻahd al-umara' al-Shihabiyin, vol. 1, pp.86-87.
21. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 1, p.639.
22. Philipp, citing Ahmad al-Shihab's Tarikh Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar, in Acre, p.45.
23. 这段关于扎希尔·欧麦尔之饲的戏剧邢叙述出自米哈伊勒·萨巴厄（约1784—1816）的编年史《谢赫扎希尔·欧麦尔·齐达尼史》（Tarikh al-Shaykh Zahir al-ʻUmar al-Zaydani）(Harisa, Lebanon: Editions St. Paul, 1935), pp. 148-158。
24. 引自Alexei Vassiliev, The History of Saudi Arabia (London: Saqi, 2000), p. 98。
25. Philipp and Perlmann, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 4, p. 23.
26. Mikhayil Mishaqa, Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of Lebanon in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Albany: SUNY Press, 1988), p. 62.
第三章穆罕默德·阿里的埃及帝国
1. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 3 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1994), p.2.
2. Ibid., p.13.
3. Ibid., p.8.
4. Ibid., p.51.
5. M. de Bourienne, Mèmoires sur Napolèon, 2 vols. (Paris, 1831), cited in ibid., p.57, n. 63.
6. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 3, pp.56-57.
7. Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p.37. See also Darrell Dykstra, “The French Occupation of Egypt,” in M. W. Daly, ed., The Cambridge History of Egypt, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp.113-138.
8. Thomas Philipp and Moshe Perlmann, eds., ʻAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti's History of Egypt, vol. 3, pp.505-506.
9. Ibid., vol. 4, pp.179-180.
10. Marsot, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali, p.72.
11. Ibid., p.201. 一袋钱相当于500比索，19世纪20年代的兑换比率约为1美元=12.6比索。
12. 对处决瓦哈比运栋领导者的叙述来自俄国大使给奥斯曼帝国的报告,转引自Alexei Vassiliev, The History of Saudi Arabia(London: Saqi, 2000), p.155。
13. Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army, and the Making of Modern Egypt(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.92.
14. Mustafa Rashid Celebi Efendi, cited in ibid., p.81.
15. Letter from Muhammad ʻAli to his agent Najib Efendi dated October 6, 1827, translated by Fahmy in All the Pasha's Men, pp.59-60.
16. 米哈伊勒·米舍卡写于1873年的编年史《答挚癌者建议书》（al-Jawab ʻala iqtirah al-ahbab）由Wheeler Thackston翻译出版：Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries(Albany: SUNY Press, 1988), pp.165-169。
17. Ibid., pp.172-174.
18. Ibid., pp.178-187.
19. Palmerston's letter of July 20, 1838, cited in Marsot, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali, p.238.
20. Mishaqa, Murder, Mayham, Pillage, and Plunder, p.216.
21. London Convention for the Pacification of the Levant, 15-17 September 1840, reproduced in J. C. Hurewitz, The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975), pp.271-275.
第四章改革的危险
1. 对塔赫塔维作品《披沙拣金记巴黎》（Takhlis al-Ibriz fi Talkhis Bariz）的完整英译和研究，见Daniel L. Newman, An Imam in Paris: Al-Tahtawi's Visit to France (1826—1831) (London: Saqi, 2004)。
2. Ibid., pp.99, 249.
3. Ibid., pp.105, 161.
4. 对这部宪法的分析转载于ibid., pp.194-213。
5. 塔赫塔维对1830年七月革命的分析可参见ibid., pp.303-330。
